*** The 2-inch square board on your bench knows nothing about the clock on the wall. The hour is late, deadlines loom, and the circuit still doesn't work.
The 16-bit controller is driving the LED display correctly, but the direct digital synthesizer chip with built-in 14-bit DAC isn't responding properly. Worse, the scope probes don't seem to be making proper contact with the DDS chip's 20-mil leads.
The rat's nest of cables and probes on the bench, feeding two separate oscilloscopes, isn't making matters better. Gulping down yet another cup of bitter coffee doesn't seem to help either. ***
These latest oscilloscopes from LeCroy Corp. once again expand the company's
existing WaveRunner Xi Series and WaveSurfer Xs Series scopes. They also compete with new scopes recently introduced by Agilent Technologies, and others.
As you can see from LeCroy's thorough press release (on the left), the company is again aiming these mixed-signal oscilloscopes at designers working with embedded systems, where signals in analog and digital domains are found, often along with serial data streams. One of these LeCroy scopes lets you do this simultaneouslyon one instrumentin realtime.
You can probe signals on microcontrollers, DSPs, and FPGAs, while looking at inputs and outputs of devices such as data converters and transducers. The MS-500 model, with its 500-MHz bandwidth spec, is claimed by LeCroy to be twice as fast as competing mixed-signal scopes.
Three models are available. The MS-500 has a maximum input frequency of 500-MHz, and offers 18 channels, with 50-Mpoints of memory per channel. An MS-500-36 version has 250-MHz maximum input frequency specs, with 25-Mpoints/channel, but can accommodate 36 channels, using a second lead set.
The MS-250, as its name implies, is a 250-MHz version, with 18 channels and 10-Mpoints of memory per channels.
Deep Memory
The MS-500's memory depth of 50-Mpoints/channel lets fast signals be captured for up to 25-ms, with a sampling arte as fast as 2-Gsamples/s. The scope provides up to 36 signal channels, which should be more than sufficient to look at all address, data, and control lines on most 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers, as well as letting you examine high-speed serial busing.
For its part, LeCroy's 250-MHz MS-250, with 10-Mpoints of memory, can capture of 10-ms of data on as many as 18 channels. That's just the ticket for ensuring proper timing and bus traffic in somewhat less complex multi-device mixed-signal embedded environments. The MS-250 may therefore be a more cost-effective choice for shops developing systems around 8-bit controllers.
Observing Serial Data
LeCroy's press statement emphasizes serial bus observation. That's because monitoring serial data buses has become a major element of today's embedded system design. You need instrumentation that can rapidly isolate specific messages on serial buses. To do that, LeCroy uses a color-coded overlay on-screen to de-code bus data. More on that in a moment.
You can also use a zoom function in order to observe more detail as individual bits are de-coded.

Click for larger typical screen image
A built-in search capability can also scan for specific messages on a bus, and you can use cursors to read hex bus values or make manual timing measurements.
Protocol Ready
Coupled with conditional triggering, an MS-250 or MS-500 scope can help capture bus traffic, and display data messages from a variety of protocols, including I2C, SPI (the Motorola-derived serial peripheral interface), and LIN (local interconnect network) types. Using an external module, you can capture CAN (controller area network) data streams.
You can also observe UART and RS-232 serial lines, triggering using analog/digital cross-pattern triggers, and analog/digital event triggers. Moreover, you can choose any digital channel as the source for an analog trigger. You can set up either simple or more complex cross-pattern triggers, with any combination of up to four analog and 36 digital channels.
Trigger conditions can be set in binary or hex (symbolic for CAN). You could, therefore, even trigger on data in specific locations of a long I2C EEPROM read, for example.
Conditional data triggering permits triggering on a range of data bytes that correspond to Reads or Writes to specific sub-address blocks in EEPROM. Conditional data triggering can also monitor outputs from sensors and data converter stages, such as A/Ds (analog-to-digital converters).
You can also establish patterns with a choice of binary values, or using a signal's rising or falling edge. You could also set your triggering on either of a signal's edges, or establish don't-care triggers. You can even trigger if data is outside a safe operating range.
Automatic Measurements
The MS-250 and MS-500 scopes can also make automatic measurements. You can use this feature to measure a signal's period, frequency, or duty cycle, for example, The ability to do that works on digital lines just as they would on analog channels. What's more, you can generate statistics and so-called histocons, for more detailed interpretation of captured information.
When working with specific serial protocols, the aforementioned color-coded de-code overlay feature uses software to de-construct waveforms into binary, hex, or ASCII information. That can then be overlaid data on a waveform.
Scope As Protocol Analyzer
These scopes can actually operate as protocol analyzers. A Table view displays acquired protocol information, and you can customize that as needed. You can also export tabular data to an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The table includes Search/Zoom functions, too, letting you locate a message in the table and then zoom in to see more detail. You can also search for specific address or data values.
Probing High-Density Packages
LeCroy's press release also mentions the accessories that can ease connection to your circuit. These include gripper probes in different sizes designed to connect to ICs of different pitches, and 36-pin Mictor and 18-pin 3M interface cables. A PK400-1 so-called Microgripper Set is for relatively large devices. It's for conventional 100-mil devices. It includes ten probes with color-coded leads.
LeCroy's PK400-2 Microgripper Set is for very small components, namely devices with leads on 40-mil pitches. Lastly, a PK400-3 set is for 8-mil (0.2-mm) devices.
Click here to review a datasheet (in Adobe Acrobat .PDF format).
For more details contact LeCroy Corp., Customer Care Center, 700 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Chestnut Ridge, New York 10977. Phone: 800-453-2769 or 845-425-2000. Fax: 845-425-8967. E-mail: contact.corp@lecroy.com.
LeCroy, 845-425-2000, www.lecroy.com